beginner
Calculate inverter idle draw in Wh/day and kWh/month, compare ECO/search modes, and understand battery drain using transparent no-load assumptions.
advanced
Size an inverter for compressors, pumps, and workshop motors by comparing real starting-current data, inverter surge duration, DC-bus voltage sag, and battery/BMS limits.
intermediate
Size a LiFePO4 battery bank by four separate constraints—usable energy, continuous inverter current, surge current, and manufacturer configuration limits—using a real 51.2V rack-battery example.
advanced
Understand why a LiFePO4 BMS may stop charge or discharge, how one cell can reach a limit before pack voltage looks unusual, and how to troubleshoot without guessing at reset voltages.
advanced
Understand why LiFePO4 charging becomes more restrictive in the cold, how lithium plating risk changes with temperature and current, and how BMS or heating strategies protect winter systems.
intermediate
Size an MPPT controller with four independent checks: cold-corrected Voc, operating voltage, PV short-circuit current, and permitted array power, using one real 450W module and 250/70 controller.